297-316 Grummons
نویسنده
چکیده
In the past, relationships in the sagittal plane have dominated orthodontic thinking to such an extent that the great majority of clinicians did not even bother to procure frontal radiographs (images, headplates). However, several factors have awakened the current clinician to a deeper interest in the transverse dimension1: (1) maxillary palatal dysjunction expansion (rapid palatal expansion [RPE], rapid maxillary expansion [RME]), with a 100-year history, has become standard teaching in graduate orthodontic programs; (2) lighter wires, required as bonded brackets became popular, have been successful for mandibular arch lateral expansion (the writings and demonstrations by Graber,2 Frankel,3 and others that functional appliance arch widening occurred with buccal shields, probably stretching the periosteum, further had a profound influence on concepts); (3) a full and stunning smile is recognized to emphasize the transverse perspective4,5; (4) nasal width and piriform aperture asymmetries are factors in frontal esthetics6 (the entire midfacial complex became associated with the respiratory system, together with mandibular posturing)7–9; and (5) mandibular and cranial asymmetries have become significant in planning treatment.10,11 Surgically assisted palatal dysjunction (rather than dental expansion) was found to be indicated for preservation of the maxillary periodontium12 and to reduce relapse. Deciduous and early mixed dentition treatment for skeletal and functional corrections involves a 3-dimensional consideration.13,14 Therefore, it is time for a shift in orthodontic thinking regarding the frontal image and perspective. Frontal Cephalometrics: Practical Applications, Part I
منابع مشابه
Guarding the middle ground: the ethics of experiments on animals.
1. Andersan G C. Fight over Maryland monkeys. Nature 343(6256):297, 25 January 1990. 2. Garffeld E. Anirnat experimentation-when do the ends justi~ the means? ,%ays of cm in~ormndon sciendsr.’ dre awardr of science nnd other essays. Philadelphia: 1S1Press, 1985. VOL7. p. 26-36. 3. --------Citation analysis and the anti-vivisection controversy. Parts 1 & 2. Jbid., 1980. Vol. 3. p, 103-8; 316-25....
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Great smiles have harmony, symmetry, and a broadness consistent with the individual’s facial form, morphology, and balance. Smiles communicate, are expressive, and especially beautiful when full. People do not perceive narrow arch smiles to be appealing. A proportional smile fills the lip embrasures and eliminates black triangles. We see this as beauty in nature, and such symmetry is preferred ...
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In this paper, we solve explicitly the optimal stopping problem with random discounting and an additive functional as cost of observations for a regular linear diffusion. We also extend the results to the class of one-sided regular Feller processes. This generalizes the result of Beibel and Lerche [Statist. Sinica 7 (1997) 93–108] and [Teor. Veroyatn. Primen. 45 (2000) 657–669] and Irles and Pa...
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The Rochester Institute of Technology-Dupont dataset [Color Res. Appl. 16, 297-316 (1991)] has been used to analyze the uniformity of seven color metrics, developed after CIELUV and CIELAB, with methods similar to those previously applied to several other classical datasets [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9, 1247-1253 (1992)]. Significant performance improvements over CIELAB were found with several CIELAB-...
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